Increase of cholera cases in the horn of africa and the. Aug 15, 2014 a cholera outbreak in ghana s capital has reached staggering levels, an official said friday, blaming poor sanitation and overcrowded health facilities for the rapid spread of the disease. Cholera outbreak in west africa was first reported in guinea. In view of this threat, the general public is therefore cautioned to take serious health precautionary measures to forestall the eruption of any eventuality. Nov, 2016 201611 the central regional capital, cape coast is a fishing port and one of the most historical cities in ghana, founded by the people of oguaa and is situated on its south to the gulf of. In 2012, an outbreak of cholera affected 53 districts in nine regions in ghana with 9548 cases and 100 deaths and the case fatality rate cfr was 1. Rapid risk assessment cholera cases in the horn of africa and gulf of aden 19 may 2017 3 between 19 september 2015 and 24 july 2016, 4 330 cases, including 68 deaths cfr. The two most distinguishing epidemiologic features of the disease are its tendency to appear in explosive outbreaks and its predisposition to causing pandemics that.
Cumulative incidence of cholera by commune in ghana, 1998202 figure 3. Nigeria, ghana and democratic republic of the congo being the most affected countries with ghana reporting its worst outbreak since 1982. Assessment of the response to cholera outbreaks in two. In 2017, outbreaks of cholera broke out in somalia and yemen. Since its reintroduction to haiti in october 2010, cholera has spread across the country and has become. This study aimed at determining economic costs on households affected by the cholera outbreak in a coastal region of ghana. The ghana health service ghs said the outbreak was centered on impoverished communities in urban are. Nov 01, 20 for instance, in 20082009, zimbabwe experienced the largest cholera outbreak ever recorded in africa, with 100 000 cases and 4000 deaths. The case fatality ratio is high in the sahelian area, equal or greater than 2%, especially in nigeria, chad, cameroon and niger. The outbreak was widespread, with out of 216 districts across ghana cholera outbreak 2014. Background the dramatic consequences of cyclical cholera outbreaks in recent years in ghana are worrying. A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana global. By august 2017, the yemen outbreak affected 500,000 people and killed 2,000 people. Bmc res notes large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana charles lwanga noora 0 1 kofi issah 0 ernest kenu 1 emmanuel george bachan 0 robert domo nuoh 1 kofi mensah nyarko 1 paulina appiah 0 timothy letsa 0 0 regional health directorate, brong ahafo region, ghana health service, box 145, sunyani, ghana 1 ghana field epidemiology and laboratory training program, school.
During the past decade, except for the current haitian outbreak, which is linked to the importation of a cholera strain from asia 1, 2, most cholera epidemics, cases, and deaths have been reported in subsaharan africa. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak in ghana as of 15 march 2015 week 11 i. The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in. Epidemic hazard cholera disease outbreak africa ghana greater accra region, james town, accra biohazard level. Cholera outbreak in cape coast grows, deaths reported. The world health organization who provided technical support and logistics to the ministry of health and the ghana health service towards curbing the cholera outbreak. Comparison of incidence from endemic areas in asia and africa cdc pdf pdf 5 pages external.
Nov 01, 2016 humanitarian situation reports, response plans, news, analyses, evaluations, assessments, maps, infographics and more on ghana. In 2015, a cumulative total of 434 cases with 4 deaths, a case fatality. An outbreak of cholera has gripped the countrys capital city of accra, since this past summer, with at least 7,000 recorded cases and 57 deaths reported thus far. Situation report on cholera outbreak in ghana as of 15 march 2015 week 11 i. The ashanti regional health directorate has warned that there are indications that, there might be an outbreak of cholera in the region. Cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june. Cholera outbreak in ghana kills at least 67 since june health24. Yet, most studies assessing the determinants of cholera. A cholera endemic area is an area where confirmed cholera cases were detected during the last 3 years with evidence of local transmission meaning the cases are not imported from elsewhere. Cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others, the ghana health service said friday.
Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the cdc website the centers for disease control and prevention cdc cannot attest to the accuracy of a nonfederal website. Jun 12, 2015 epidemic hazard cholera disease outbreak africa ghana greater accra region, james town, accra biohazard level. Highdensity communities around city centers are often the hardest hit by an outbreak, and efforts to contain the disease become a race against time. In a followup to a report this weekend about the cholera outbreak in cape coast, ghana, local media report the outbreak in the fishing. Following the 2015 and 2016 cholera outbreak which claimed about 600 lives, government increased the budget for sanitation by over 300%. The agency said that the outbreak was centered in impoverished. These efforts led to a dramatic drop in cholera incidence from 735 cases in 2016, to just 9 cases since january 2017. Cholera vaccine for travelers travelers health cdc. In june 2016, the us food and drug administration approved a singledose oral cholera vaccine cvd 103hgr, vaxchora paxvax corporation, redwood city, ca. A cholera outbreak epidemic can occur in both endemic countries and in countries where cholera does not regularly occur. Although still rare, cholera appears to be more common in travelers who are visiting friends and relatives and those performing humanitarian aid work in outbreak settings.
Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in three decades in 2014. Yearly number of cholera cases and case fatality rate cfr in ghana, 1199020 figure 2. In 2015, a cumulative total of 434 cases with 4 deaths, a case fatality rate cfr of 0. Economic evaluation of 2014 cholera outbreak in ghana. The acute diarrhoea infection which can kill within hours had the highest reported cases from the cape coast municipality in. The country has concomitantly suffered seasonal cholera outbreaks that have impacted negatively on the populations health, as well as on the nations economy. Epidemiological link of a major cholera outbreak in greater. It moves quickly, infecting people who unknowingly pass it on to others. In july 2014, the first cholera cases were reported in accra, ghana. Instituting interventions for the control of cholera mainly result from knowing the risk factors and the link between the index cases and this can curtail and prevent future outbreaks.
The cholera outbreak started in june 2014 and continued to 2015. The outbreak which started in the greater accra region in week 24 with six cases reported an upsurge in week 29 with 251 cases and started spreading to other regions. In june 2014, a cholera outbreak was reported in ghana. Cholera ghana as the world focuses on the ebola crisis in west africa, another outbreak threatens nearby ghana. The advisory committee on immunization practices voted to recommend cholera vaccine for adult 1864 years travelers to an area of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 transmission. Response measures during the 2014 cholera outbreak were taken at the international, national, and regional levels. Over 700 cholera cases with no death were recorded in 2016, the ghana health service ghs and ministry of health moh have stated. High and low incidence areas hia and lia were selected in comparative cost analysis and disease impact.
Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014. A lion in our village the unconscionable tragedy of cholera in africa. On august 24, 2012, centers for disease control and prevention cdc received a request for assistance from the sierra leonean ministry of health. Oct 11, 2017 instituting interventions for the control of cholera mainly result from knowing the risk factors and the link between the index cases and this can curtail and prevent future outbreaks. Despite the recurring cholera outbreaks in ghana, very little has been reported on assessments of outbreak response activities undertaken in affected areas. L opare et al outbreak of cholera in the east akim municipalities 116 outbreak of cholera in the east akim municipality of ghana following unhygienic practices by smallscale gold miners, november 2010 j.
These efforts led to a dramatic drop in cholera incidence from 735 cases in. September 2014 volume 48, number 3 ghana medical journal. Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium, vibrio cholera. Ashitey 1 provides an account on the first cholera epidemic of 1970 in ghana. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak in. Oct 20, 2014 in the wake of cholera cases increasing in ghana, atv visited korle bu to interact with the doctors and experience at first hand what the situation is like on the ground.
Outbreaks in ghana usually spread towards neighbouring countries from the south of cameroon to guinea bissau through migrant fishermen and commercial trade. Pdf large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana. In 20102011, the lake chad basin, a sahelian region between nigeria, niger, chad, and cameroon, was also severely affected 9. A cholera outbreak in ghanas capital has reached staggering levels, an official said friday, blaming poor sanitation and overcrowded health facilities for. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana pdf. Outbreak of cholera, greater accra region, ghana, 2014 emmanuel dzotsi 1, john kofi odoom 2, joseph k. Ranked among the worlds dirtiest countries, ghana has poor environmental sanitation and hygiene, and a lack of potable water, all of which combined have been largely blamed as the underscoring reasons for cholera outbreaks. On 16 august 2012, president koroma declared the cholera outbreak a public health emergency, paving the way for a more robust national and international response.
The greater accra region gar was the most affected, recording almost 98% of all cholera cases 14. However, upper west, northern, upper east and volta region are the least affected region s. Large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana article pdf available in bmc research notes 101 december 2017 with 798 reads how we measure reads. The first case of cholera in ghana was in a togolese national in transit at the kotoka international airport from guinea. As of 18 aug, 6,018 cases including 47 deaths case fatality rate of 0. Humanitarian situation reports, response plans, news, analyses, evaluations, assessments, maps, infographics and more on ghana. Bmc res notes large cholera outbreak in brong ahafo region, ghana charles lwanga noora 0 1 kofi issah 0 ernest kenu 1 emmanuel george bachan 0 robert domo nuoh 1 kofi mensah nyarko 1 paulina appiah 0 timothy letsa 0 0 regional health directorate, brong ahafo region, ghana health service, box 145, sunyani, ghana 1 ghana field epidemiology. Evidence of cholera economic costs on affected households has been limited. By the end of january 2015 when the outbreak was finally contained, over 28, 000 cases with 243 deaths had been recorded in all 10 regions of ghana 14. In the wake of cholera cases increasing in ghana, atv visited korle bu to interact with the doctors and experience at first hand what the situation is like on the ground.
Aug 22, 2014 by kwasi kpodo accra reuters cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and sanitation challenges facing one of africas fastestgrowing economies. However, evidence of the economic costs of the disease on the health system and affected households has not been fully documented. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Outbreak onset and crossborder spread are fre quently occurring in northern states zamfara, katsina, kano, kaduna, bauchi and adamawa.
Hispaniola the 2010 haitian cholera outbreak was the first modern largescale outbreak of cholera a disease once considered beaten back largely due to the invention of modern sanitation. However, upper west, northern, upper east and volta region are the least affected region s in ghana. Ghana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in the last three decades in 2014. There are lessons to be learnt from cholera outbreaks in ghana. Environmental determinants of cholera outbreaks in inland. High and low incidence areas hia and lia were selected in. This study therefore sought to determine economic cost associated with recent outbreak the disease.
A community approach to preventing cholera in ghana. Country office ghana situation report on cholera outbreak. Declared in june 2014, the west and central african cholera outbreak as of january 25, 2015 claimed 1,683 registered deaths and over 91,361 reported cases with a reported case fatality rate cfr of 2% in 11 countries, which is 3 times more than in 20. Highlights the cholera outbreak that started in june 2014 has protracted and spilled over to 2015. Aug 25, 2014 cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and sanitation challenges facing one of africas fastest. Cholera in travelers is extremely rare, and the vaccine is not routinely recommended for most travelers because most travelers do not visit areas of active transmission. When these simple precautions are observed, contracting the disease is very unlikely. Nov 01, 2016 in a followup to a report this weekend about the cholera outbreak in cape coast, ghana, local media report the outbreak in the fishing port city has topped 20 cases, including three fatalities. Ghana recorded its worst outbreak of cholera in 2014 with eight out of its 10 regions being affected.
The first major outbreak occurred in 1982, when about 15,032 cases were recorded. From 2014 to early 2015, the country experienced another devastating outbreak of cholera, with about 28,922 cases reported, including 243 deaths. What a cholera outbreak would mean for government and the economy. From 1998 to 2017, greater accra alone recorded 58. Daviesteye 4 1department of disease surveillance, ghana health service, korlebu, accra, ghana. Field evaluation of crystal vc rapid dipstick test for cholera during a cholera outbreak in guineabissau external. In 2009, for instance, 98% of the 221 226 notified cases worldwide were from africa. By kwasi kpodo accra reuters cholera has killed at least 67 people in ghana since june and infected more than 5,000 others in an outbreak that highlights the health and sanitation challenges facing one of africas fastestgrowing economies. In view of this threat, the general public is therefore cautioned to take serious health precautionary measures to.
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